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''Brighamia insignis'', commonly known as ''Ōlulu'' or ''Alula'' in Hawaiian, or colloquially as cabbage on a stick,〔(USDA Plants Profile )〕 is a critically endangered species of Hawaiian lobelioid in the bellflower family, Campanulaceae. It is native to the islands of Kauai and Niihau. This short-lived perennial species is a member of a unique endemic Hawaiian genus with only one other species. It is now extremely rare. In 1994 the United States Fish and Wildlife Service reported five populations totaling 45 to 65 individuals, and listed the plant as an endangered species. ''B. insignis'' is a potentially branched plant with a succulent stem that is bulbous at the bottom and tapers toward the top, ending in a compact rosette of fleshy leaves. The stem is usually in height, but can reach . The plant blooms in September through November.〔(Hawaiian Native Plant Cultivation Database. ) University of Hawaii, Manoa.〕 It has clusters of fragrant yellow flowers in groups of three to eight in the leaf axils. The scent has been compared to honeysuckle.〔 Petals are fused into a tube long. The fruit is a capsule long containing numerous seeds. ''B. insignis'' is found at elevations from sea level to in mesic shrublands and dry forests that receive less than of annual rainfall. It grows on rocky ledges with little soil and steep sea cliffs.〔 Associated plants include ''āhinahina'' (''Artemisia'' spp.) ''akoko'' (''Euphorbia celastroides''), ''alahee'' (''Psydrax odorata''), ''kāwelu'' (''Eragrostis variabilis''), ''pili'' (''Heteropogon contortus''), ''kokio'' ula (''Hibiscus kokio''), ''ānaunau'' (''Lepidium serra''), ''nehe'' (''Lipochaeta succulenta''), ''pokulakalaka'' (''Munroidendron racemosum''), and ''ilima'' (''Sida fallax'').〔 According to the U.S. Botanic Garden, its only pollinator was a certain type of now-extinct hawk moth. This has made it all but impossible for ''B. insignis'' to reproduce on its own. Therefore, individuals only produce seed when artificially pollinated by humans. Other threats to the species have included exotic plant species, feral goats and pigs, slugs, rats, fire, and infestations of carmine spider mites (''Tetranychus cinnabarinus'').〔(The Nature Conservancy )〕〔USFWS. (''Brighamia insignis'' Five Year Review. ) January 18, 2008.〕 There is also a hiking trail near one of the populations.〔 The plant grows on steep, exposed cliffs and has been damaged by hurricanes and landslides.〔 Despite its rarity in the wild it is not hard to cultivate in a nursery,〔 and it has come into use as a novel ornamental plant.〔(National Tropical Botanical Garden )〕 ==Gallery== Image:Brighamia insignis - flowers.JPG|Flowers of the ''Brighamia insignis'' File:Flower HawaiianPalm.JPG|Flower HawaiianPalm Image:alula.jpg|An ''alula'' plant at Limahuli Garden and Preserve, Kauai. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Brighamia insignis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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